The topic of this module emerges again...
In Module 5, we discuss multi-agent systems in which there are multiple entities (partially) observing the state of the world and making decisions regarding what action to take and when to influence the state of the world.
Those interested in planning can venture into logic-based AI in CCCS 690. This 2022 tutorial may help iron out some ideas.
Nearly any aspect of commercial, industrial, or public decision making involves tasks that would benefit from formal modelling to put together a description of "how things are now", a description of "how things should be", a set of "what could be done, in what settings, and with what effect". This is not easy to do in precise terms and may be hard to keep up-to-date, but if an organization can actually pull it off and find (or build) a suffiently efficient planner (an algorithm to find a short action sequence), the benefits in terms of efficiency, savings, or impact can be amazing.